INCFinder

GenBank ID	CP101076.1
Plasmid name	unnamed2
Classification	C2
Length	139 363 bp
GC content	53%
Organism	Citrobacter portucalensis strain OT150
Curation	Manually annotated

Plasmid map

Notes

The site of I1 insertion is missing.

Characteristic genes

Gene name	Length	Location	Length of alignment	Identity (%)	Coverage (%)	E-value
repA	1101	113052 - 114152 (+)	1101	100	100	0
ORF1847	5544	40001 - 45544 (+)	5544	100	100	0
I2	462	21927 - 22388 (+)	462	100	100	0
RHS2	4263	86330 - 90592 (+)	4263	100	100	0
AriB	1156	12025 - 13180 (+)	1156	100	44	0
AriB	640	4483 - 5122 (+)	640	100	24	0

Antimicrobial resistance genes

Type match	Model name	Model type	Location	E-value	Identity
Strict	floR	protein homolog model	6019 - 7233(+)	0	99.26 %
major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump AMR Gene Family Directed pumping of antibiotic out of a cell to confer resistance. Major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporters and ABC transporters comprise the two largest and most functionally diverse of the transporter superfamilies. However, MFS transporters are distinct from ABC transporters in both their primary sequence and structure and in the mechanism of energy coupling. As secondary transporters they are, like RND and SMR transporters, energized by the electrochemical proton gradient. chloramphenicol Antibiotic Chloramphenicol is a bacteriostatic antimicrobial originally derived from the bacterium Streptomyces venezuelae. It was the first antibiotic to be manufactured synthetically on a large scale. It functions by inhibiting peptidyl transferase activity of the bacterial ribosome, binding to A2451 and A2452 residues in the 23S rRNA of the 50S ribosomal subunit and preventing peptide bond formation. florfenicol Antibiotic Florfenicol is a fluorine derivative of chloramphenicol, where the nitro group (-NO2) is substituted by a sulfomethyl group (-SO2CH3) and the hydroxyl group (-OH), by a fluorine group (-F). The action mechanism is the same as chloramphenicol's, where the antibiotic binds to the 23S RNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes to inhibit protein synthesis. phenicol antibiotic Drug Class Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance Efflux Component Efflux proteins that pump antibiotic out of a cell to confer resistance. antibiotic efflux Resistance Mechanism Antibiotic resistance via the transport of antibiotics out of the cell.
Strict	APH(6)-Id	protein homolog model	10366 - 11196(-)	0	99.64 %
APH(6) AMR Gene Family Phosphorylation of streptomycin on the hydroxyl group at position 6 streptomycin Antibiotic Streptomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Streptomycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. aminoglycoside antibiotic Drug Class Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. antibiotic inactivation Resistance Mechanism Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance.
Strict	APH(3'')-Ib	protein homolog model	11202 - 12005(-)	0	99.63 %
APH(3'') AMR Gene Family Phosphorylation of streptomycin on the hydroxyl group at position 3'' streptomycin Antibiotic Streptomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Streptomycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. aminoglycoside antibiotic Drug Class Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. antibiotic inactivation Resistance Mechanism Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance.
Perfect	sul2	protein homolog model	12066 - 12881(-)	0	100 %
sulfonamide resistant sul AMR Gene Family The sul genes encode forms of dihydropteroate synthase that confer resistance to sulfonamide. sulfadiazine Antibiotic Sulfadiazine is a potent inhibitor of dihydropteroate synthase, interfering with the tetrahydrofolic biosynthesis pathway. Tetrahydrofolic acid is essential for folate synthesis, a precursor to many nucleotides and amino acids. sulfadimidine Antibiotic Sulfadimidine is an alkaline sulfonamide antibiotic that inhibits dihydropteroate synthase, and enzyme in the tetrahydrofolic acid biosynthesis pathway. This interferes with the production of folate, which is a precursor to many amino acids and nucleotides. sulfadoxine Antibiotic Sulfadoxine is an inhibitor of dihydropteroate synthase, interfering with the tetrahydrofolic biosynthesis pathway. Tetrahydrofolic acid is essential for folate synthesis, a precursor to many nucleotides and amino acids. sulfamethoxazole Antibiotic Sulfamethoxazole is a sulfonamide antibiotic usually taken with trimethoprim, a diaminopyrimidine antibiotic. Sulfamethoxazole inhibits dihydropteroate synthase, essential to tetrahydrofolic acid biosynthesis. This pathway generates compounds used in the synthesis of many amino acids and nucleotides. sulfisoxazole Antibiotic Sulfisoxazole is an inhibitor of dihydropteroate synthase, interfering with the tetrahydrofolic biosynthesis pathway. Tetrahydrofolic acid is essential for folate synthesis, a precursor to many nucleotides and amino acids. sulfacetamide Antibiotic Sulfacetamide is a very soluable sulfonamide antibiotic previously used to treat urinary tract infections. Its relatively low activity and toxicity to those with Stevens-Johnson syndrome have reduced its use and availability. mafenide Antibiotic Mafenide is a sulfonamide used topically for treating burns. sulfasalazine Antibiotic Sulfasalazine is a derivative of the early sulfonamide sulfapyridine (salicylazosulfapyridine). It was developed to increase water solubility and is taken orally for ulcerative colitis. sulfamethizole Antibiotic Sulfamethizole is a short-acting sulfonamide that inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase. sulfonamide antibiotic Drug Class Sulfonamides are broad spectrum, synthetic antibiotics that contain the sulfonamide group. Sulfonamides inhibit dihydropteroate synthase, which catalyzes the conversion of p-aminobenzoic acid to dihydropteroic acid as part of the tetrahydrofolic acid biosynthetic pathway. Tetrahydrofolic acid is essential for folate synthesis, a precursor of many nucleotides and amino acids. Many sulfamides are taken with trimethoprim, an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, also disturbing the trihydrofolic acid synthesis pathway. antibiotic target replacement Resistance Mechanism Replacement or substitution of antibiotic action target, which process will result in antibiotic resistance.
Strict	QepA2	protein homolog model	132902 - 134437(+)	0	99.61 %
major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump AMR Gene Family Directed pumping of antibiotic out of a cell to confer resistance. Major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporters and ABC transporters comprise the two largest and most functionally diverse of the transporter superfamilies. However, MFS transporters are distinct from ABC transporters in both their primary sequence and structure and in the mechanism of energy coupling. As secondary transporters they are, like RND and SMR transporters, energized by the electrochemical proton gradient. ciprofloxacin Antibiotic Ciprofloxacin is a bacteriocidal fluoroquinolone. It blocks bacterial DNA replication by binding to the toposiomerase II or IV-DNA complex (or cleavable complex), thereby causing double-stranded breaks in the bacterial chromosome. moxifloxacin Antibiotic Moxifloxacin is a fourth generation synthetic fluoroquinolone chemotherapeutic agent, and has been shown to be significantly more active than levofloxacin (4 to 8 times more) against Streptococcus pneumoniae. It acts by inhibiting bacterial DNA topoisomerases. norfloxacin Antibiotic Norfloxacin is a 6-fluoro, 7-piperazinyl quinolone with a wide range of activity against Gram-negative bacteria. It is inactive against most anaerobes. fluoroquinolone antibiotic Drug Class The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance Efflux Component Efflux proteins that pump antibiotic out of a cell to confer resistance. antibiotic efflux Resistance Mechanism Antibiotic resistance via the transport of antibiotics out of the cell.
Strict	rmtB	protein homolog model	137889 - 138575(-)	1.66357e-170	99.56 %
16S rRNA methyltransferase (G1405) AMR Gene Family Methyltransferases that methylate the G1405 position of 16S rRNA, which is part of an aminoglycoside binding site. dibekacin Antibiotic Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. amikacin Antibiotic Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. gentamicin C Antibiotic Gentamicin C is a mixture of gentamicin C1, gentamicin C1a, and gentamicin C2 (these differ in substituents at position C6'). Gentamicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. sisomicin Antibiotic Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. netilmicin Antibiotic Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin. kanamycin A Antibiotic Kanamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Kanamycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. tobramycin Antibiotic Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Tobramycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. isepamicin Antibiotic A semi-synthetic derivative of gentamicin B (hydroxyamino propionyl genamicin B). It is modified to combat microbial inactivation and has a slightly larger spectrum of activity compared to other aminoglycosides, including Ser marcescens, Enterobacteria, and K pneumoniae. G418 Antibiotic A gentamicin class aminoglycoside antibiotic often used in mammalian cell culture work as a selectable marker for the neo cassette (APH3'). arbekacin Antibiotic A synthetic derivative (1-N-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl) of dibekacin used in Japan. It is active against methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus and shows synergy with ampicillin when treating gentamicin and vancomycin resistant enterocci. gentamicin B Antibiotic Gentamicin B is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibacterial. aminoglycoside antibiotic Drug Class Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. antibiotic target alteration Resistance Mechanism Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance.