INCFinder

GenBank ID	AP026068.1
Plasmid name	-
Classification	deleted
Length	2 258 324 bp
GC content	41%
Organism	MAG: Candidatus Hamiltonella defensa (Ceratovacuna japonica) CjNOSY1 DNA
Curation

Plasmid map

Characteristic genes

Gene name	Length	Location	Length of alignment	Identity (%)	Coverage (%)	E-value
repA	1091	53435 - 54525 (+)	1091	89	99	0
R55_oriV	562	54813 - 55366 (+)	562	82	65	1.53283E-128
RA1_oriV	559	54815 - 55363 (+)	559	81	65	2.00384E-117

Antimicrobial resistance genes

Type match	Model name	Model type	Location	E-value	Identity
Strict	Morganella morganii gyrB conferring resistance to fluoroquinolone	protein variant model	367223 - 369637(+)	0	77.36 %
fluoroquinolone resistant gyrB AMR Gene Family Point mutations in DNA gyrase subunit B (gyrB) observed in Mycobacterium tuberculosis can result in resistance to fluoroquinolones. enoxacin Antibiotic Enoxacin belongs to a group called fluoroquinolones. Its mode of action depends upon blocking bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to DNA gyrase and causing double-stranded breaks in the bacterial chromosome. ciprofloxacin Antibiotic Ciprofloxacin is a bacteriocidal fluoroquinolone. It blocks bacterial DNA replication by binding to the toposiomerase II or IV-DNA complex (or cleavable complex), thereby causing double-stranded breaks in the bacterial chromosome. levofloxacin Antibiotic Levofloxacin is a synthetic chemotherapeutic antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone drug class. Its main target is topoisomerase IV, inhibiting its function and disrupting DNA replication. moxifloxacin Antibiotic Moxifloxacin is a fourth generation synthetic fluoroquinolone chemotherapeutic agent, and has been shown to be significantly more active than levofloxacin (4 to 8 times more) against Streptococcus pneumoniae. It acts by inhibiting bacterial DNA topoisomerases. gatifloxacin Antibiotic Gatifloxacin is an 8-methoxy, 7-piperazinyl, 6-fluoroquinolone that can be taken orally or by intravenous administration. It is active against most Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but inactive against non-fermenting Gram-negative rods including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. lomefloxacin Antibiotic Lomefloxacin is a difluoropiperazinyl quinolone, sharing similar activities with other fluoroquinolones. It is used to treat urinary tract infections. Relative to other fluoroquinolones, it has a longer half life and has higher serum concentrations. nalidixic acid Antibiotic Nalidixic acid is a quinolone derivative of naphthyridine active against many enterobacteria, but ineffective against Ps aeruginosa, Gram-positive bacteria, and anaerobes. Acquired resistance is common in nalidixic acid treatments. norfloxacin Antibiotic Norfloxacin is a 6-fluoro, 7-piperazinyl quinolone with a wide range of activity against Gram-negative bacteria. It is inactive against most anaerobes. ofloxacin Antibiotic Ofloxacin is a 6-fluoro, 7-piperazinyl quinolone with a methyl-substituted oxazine ring. It has a broad spectrum of activity including many enterobacteria and mycoplasma but most anaerobes are resistant. trovafloxacin Antibiotic Trovafloxacin is a trifluoroquinalone with a broad spectrum of activity that acts by inhibiting the uncoiling of supercoiled DNA. While potent against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, it is less active against pseudomonads and Cl. difficile. It is usually taken as the prodrug trovafloxacin mesylate or alatrofloxacin mesylate for oral or intravenous administration, respectively. grepafloxacin Antibiotic Grepafloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibacterial quinoline. It is no longer taken due to its high toxicity. sparfloxacin Antibiotic Sparfloxacin is a dimethylpiperazinyl difluoroquinolone that acts by inhibiting DNA gyrase. It is active against aerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as some mycobacteria. It has moderate activity against some anaerobes. pefloxacin Antibiotic Pefloxacin is structurally and functionally similar to norfloxacin. It is poorly active against mycobacteria, while anaerobes are resistant. fluoroquinolone antibiotic Drug Class The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. antibiotic target alteration Resistance Mechanism Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance.
Strict	Haemophilus influenzae PBP3 conferring resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics	protein variant model	1779611 - 1781362(+)	0	50.26 %
Penicillin-binding protein mutations conferring resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics AMR Gene Family Mutations in PBP transpeptidases that change the affinity for penicillin thereby conferring resistance to penicillin antibiotics cephalosporin Drug Class Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. cephamycin Drug Class Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases. penam Drug Class Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. antibiotic target alteration Resistance Mechanism Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance.
Strict	Escherichia coli EF-Tu mutants conferring resistance to Pulvomycin	protein variant model	1874036 - 1875220(+)	0	89.82 %
elfamycin resistant EF-Tu AMR Gene Family Sequence variants of elongation factor Tu that confer resistance to elfamycin antibiotics. pulvomycin Antibiotic Pulvomycin is a polyketide antibiotic that binds elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) to inhibit protein biosynthesis by preventing the formation of the ternary complex (EF-TuGTPaa-tRNA). Phenotypically, it was shown that pulvomycin sensitivity is dominant over resistance. elfamycin antibiotic Drug Class Elfamycins are molecules that inhibit bacterial elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), a key protein which brings aminoacyl-tRNA (aa-tRNA) to the ribosome during protein synthesis. Elfamycins defined by their target (EF-Tu), rather than a conserved chemical backbone. Elfamycins follow two mechanisms to disrupt protein synthesis: 1. kirromycins and enacyloxin fix EF-Tu in the GTP bound conformation and lock EF-Tu onto the ribosome, and 2. pulvomycin and GE2270 cover the binding site of aa-tRNA disallowing EF-Tu from being charged with aa-tRNA. All elfamycins cause increased the affinity of EF-Tu for GTP. antibiotic target alteration Resistance Mechanism Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance.